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Ecology, Economics: reports necessarily complementary, but inevitably ambiguous

The century-old problem of the insertion of human societies in the biosphere has taken particular acuity from what usually describe as the "industrial revolution" which in hindsight is a break in the history of relations between man and nature. Consciousness of such a change - and since then has never ceased to accelerate and diversify - s' walks slowly until it is institutionally recognized in the twentieth century with the Stockholm Conference in 1972, and later, starting in the 80s and 90s with the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992.


Asked by ecologists in these occasions, neoclassical economics has developed as a response of the theoretical elements: the economics of the environment and natural resources have become one of the branches of neoclassical economics.
Without calling into question the model of production, introducing us to a better understanding of energy flows and major biochemical cycles through ecosystems and the biosphere, the ecological system and energy has contributed significantly to advancing the awareness of an ecological crisis.


The environment may be conceived as a set of "bearers of useful things" and embodied energy that maximize external agents through market mechanisms that would agree to internalize the externalities of energy and money.
In such a context, although seen as a new way of thinking about things, the dialogue between economics and ecology, which nourish the ecological economics is not the truth, one way of saying and doing the same thing, represented only half the decline of the same logic in two different times: the absolute triumph of economic ideology.


To avoid such a result, an 'ecological economics worthy of the name, must preserve its traditional criticism. Those who are engaged in this line of thought must not only articulate the logical categories that are proposed by the guidelines already established, should also question the training of these categories and their implicit normative content. More generally, should not forget that the environment is also a social construction, and this not only through the sole determination of its usefulness
Anzi che la sua definizione si nutre della costruzione sociale della società e della costruzione sociale della natura; la società si definisce nel suo rapporto con la natura e che la natura stessa viene definita in rapporto alla società.


Del resto se si pone la “questione naturale”, questa non può che intendersi nei suoi legami con la “questione politica” e la “questione del sociale” (nel senso della giustizia sociale).
Ed è su questo terreno che si designano i contorni degli interrogativi dell’economia e dell’ecologia politica. Questo sembra essere uno dei messaggi essenziali dei pionieri dell’economia ecologica della fine del Nineteenth century. And this is perhaps the most interesting section of this emerging ecological economy: not content with reading a consolidated economy, but places them within a political, social and moral.