Marisol Bixler Mexico

secularism and pluralist tolerance

LAICISMO..è spesso utilizzato con una connotazione negativa, ed è assimilato a forme di chiusura antireligiosa. In realtà il concetto di cultura laica al quale fanno riferimento vari gruppi e forze sociali si contrappone al confessionalismo e, nei paesi cattolici, al clericalismo.
La cultura laica si caratterizza per un atteggiamento separazionista, cioè per la volontà di distinguere da un lato politica e religione e dall’altro morality and religion. It considers necessary for the active state initiative claim that distinction.

Other features of the secular culture is individualism, rationalism and tolerance. The latter in particular should be seen as understanding of belief, freedom of criticism of the arguments, rejection of dogmatism and skepticism in the face of ultimate solution is simplistic.

Although there is often contiguity in consumer behavior, secularism does not necessarily equate to atheism, the latter understood as a postulate of total asacralità of reality.

After layman have attributed different meanings throughout history, ranging from the world of ancient Greece who played him in connection with the provision of a citizen in the public sphere, to the medieval period in which he lay was not was part of the clergy - from here then the meaning of wilderness, profane -, England of the eighteenth century, who used it in the sense of usurpation of priestly functions by those who may not be claimed, the Encyclopedia, which gave him an "either to ecclesiastical or spiritual, and so on.

Secularism as intellectual category binds the process of secularisation of society. If you look at the history of public institutions, it is worthwhile to recall the role that the secularization had the wars of religion: it is by reflecting on them in Europe that starts the process of secularization. The progressive separation of politics and morality from religion, which plays a vibrating and non-linear trend, combined with social changes and passes through important stages.

In this regard, mention can be made the French Revolution and the nineteenth-century transformation, on the one hand they see the affirmation of the values \u200b\u200bof the nation state and confidence in science (in France attend discussions on crucifixes in schools, the replacement of the nuns with lay personnel in hospitals, the replacement of the Virgin with monuments monuments to Marianna in Italy is remarkable the secularization of the teaching staff) and the other the spread of socialist ideas that transform the liberal approach on secularism.

In the period covering the two world wars and the aftermath, the bases of modern design: it is stated that the idea of \u200b\u200bsecularism, not as another kind of confessional, but as a guarantee coexistence. The most recent developments see
the emergence of tribalism and terrorism and a weakening of secularism, with the redefinition of the religious landscape, there is also the need for a redefinition of the attitudes of the laity.